What Are Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and How Do They Affect Indoor Air Quality?

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are a group of carbon-based chemicals that easily evaporate into the air at room temperature, a characteristic known as volatility. These harmful chemicals are commonly found in household products and can significantly degrade indoor air quality (IAQ) while posing serious health risks. Understanding where VOCs are found and how to reduce them can help improve the air in your home and protect your health.

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Where Are VOCs Found?

VOCs are emitted by many household products, and they can linger in the air long after their initial use. Common sources of VOCs include:

• Paints and Paint Strippers - VOCs are released when using paints, paint strippers, or other solvents. These products emit gases that degrade air quality and can cause health issues when inhaled.

  
  

• Cleaning Products - Many everyday cleaning products such as sprays, disinfectants, and air fresheners contain VOCs. These chemicals are released into the air when used, contributing to poor indoor air quality.

  
  

• Furniture and Carpets - New furniture, carpeting, and other household items may emit VOCs due to chemical treatments used in manufacturing. This off gassing can last for weeks or even months, affecting your home's air quality.

(Freepik, 2025)

Health Effects of VOC Exposure

Exposure to VOCs can have both short-term and long-term health consequences, depending on the level of exposure and the specific chemicals involved.

• Short-Term Effects

  Short-term exposure to VOCs can cause symptoms such as:

  • Irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat

  • Headaches and dizziness

  • Nausea or fatigue

    
    

• Long-Term Effects

  Long-term or repeated exposure to VOCs may lead to more serious health problems, including:

  • Respiratory issues, such as asthma or bronchitis

  • Damage to vital organs like the liver or kidneys

  • Increased risk of cancer due to carcinogenic chemicals

    
    

How to Reduce VOCs and Improve Indoor Air Quality

Taking steps to reduce VOC exposure is crucial for improving indoor air quality and safeguarding your health. Here’s how to minimize VOCs in your home:

1. Choose Low-VOC or VOC-Free Products - Opt for low-VOC paints, cleaning products, and furniture. Many eco-friendly products are now available that contain little to no VOCs, reducing harmful chemical exposure.

   
   

2. Ensure Proper Ventilation - Proper ventilation is essential when using products that release VOCs. Open windows and use exhaust fans to allow fresh air to circulate, reducing the concentration of VOCs in the air.

   
   

3. Use Air Purifiers with Activated Carbon Filters - Air purifiers equipped with activated carbon filters are highly effective at trapping and removing high molecular weight VOCs from the air. These purifiers can help reduce indoor pollution and improve air quality. To remove low molecular weight VOCs use alumina-permanganate filters.

(Freepik, 2025)

Take Action to Improve Your Home’s Air Quality

By being mindful of VOC sources in your home and taking proactive steps to minimize exposure, you can significantly improve your indoor air quality and protect your health. Reducing VOCs is an important step in creating a safer, more comfortable living environment.

References

Environmental Protection Agency. (2024, August 13). Volatile Organic Compounds’ Impact on Indoor Air Quality. EPA. https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compounds-impact-indoor-air-quality

Environmental Protection Agency. (2025, February 24). What are volatile organic compounds (VOCs)?. EPA. https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/what-are-volatile-organic-compounds-vocs